Treatment of Radioactive Wastes Using Liquid-liquid Extraction Technologies-fears, Facts, and Issues

Liquid-Liquid Extraction (LLE) technologies have been extensively used in the nuclear industry worldwide since the 1940’s for the recovery and purification of uranium and plutonium. These and related LLE technologies continue to be successfully utilized outside of the U.S., but their use for nuclear applications in the U.S. has been essentially discontinued. Numerous LLE technologies have been developed and successfully demonstrated in the past 15 years for the treatment of radioactive wastes; yet DOE, contractor, and stakeholder acceptance for these technologies has been limited. A lack of understanding of the technology by decision makers and the public as well as perceived or exaggerated environmental issues have led to the limited acceptance. Liquid-liquid extraction technology offers many advantages over other chemical separation techniques that should be considered in the technology selection process. A review of LLE principles and discussion of issues and expressed concerns, as well as technology advantages and disadvantages will be provided. The potential for future selection of LLE technology and implementation in U.S. DOE waste treatment plans will be assessed.